Gulf Labour Markets, Migration, and Population (GLMM) Programme

An international independent, non-partisan, non-profit programme hosted and supported by the Gulf Research Center. The programme provides data, analyses, and recommendations contributing to the improvement of understanding and management of Gulf labour migration, population, and labour markets, engaging with and respecting the viewpoints of all stakeholders.

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GLMM Latest Publications

Saudi Arabia: non-Arab Asian population by country of citizenship and sex (census 2022)
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GCC Remittance Flows: Resiliency During Rough Seas
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Sub-Saharan African Migrants in the Gulf States
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Ageing in the Gulf States
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Long-Term Residence: GCC Countries Making a Shift Toward Inclusive Social Policies
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Interregional Consultative Migration Dialogues and the Abu Dhabi Dialogue in the GCC-Asia Migration Corridor
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Reforms without Rights: The GCC states’ blinkered view of labour reforms
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Aspirations and Strategies to Remain in Saudi Arabia: the Case of Middle-Class South Asians
Areej Jamal
UAE as a Center of Innovation: Towards Attracting Global Talent
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Second and Third Generation Foreign Residents Born in Kuwait
Françoise De Bel-Air
The Power of Micro-Level Data: Improving Precision in GCC Policy Design
Georges Naufal
Numbers Increasing, Dependency Decreasing: The GCC Changing Labor Immigration Emphasis
Onn Winckler
International Mobility of Tertiary-Level Students in Qatar
Sharique Umar
Arab Nationals in Saudi Arabia
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Indians in the Gulf: The Migration Question and the Way Forward
Irudaya S. Rajan & Divya Balan
Major Innovations in the Saudi Census 2022
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Migration and Climate Change: The Case of the GCC Countries
Georges Naufal
GCC: Are Oil Prices No Longer a Driver of Population Growth?
Françoise De Bel-Air
Migratory Flows of Russian-speaking Populations to the UAE
Magdalena Karolak
Domestic Workers in the GCC: A Diverse Population
Françoise De Bel-Air
Qataris Make Up Only a Quarter of All Births
Françoise De Bel-Air
Five Decades of Semi- and Unskilled Labour Migration from Pakistan
Nasra M. Shah
Saudi Arabia: Changes in Labour Force Structure?
Françoise De Bel-Air
Explaining the "Demographic Imbalance" in the Gulf States
Françoise De Bel-Air
Measuring the impact of Covid-19 on migrant workers in the GCC and Jordan
Françoise De Bel-Air
Layers of Segmentation in GCCs Labour Markets: How Well do Migrant Women Fare?
Usamah F. Alfarhan
Reforming the sponsorship system in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: Opportunities and challenges as a result of COVID-19 and the fiscal crisis
Sophia Kagan and Ryszard Cholewinski*
Fertility Levels, Trends, and Differentials Among Kuwaiti Nationals
Nasra M. Shah and Philippe Fargues
Fertility of Nationals in Qatar - Its Levels, Trends and Differentials in the Early 21st Century
Philippe Fargues,Noof Abdulhadi Al-Rakeb
Empowering Women and Fostering Fertility: Two Conflicting Policy Goals in Qatar?
Philippe Fargues
Literature Survey and Bibliography on Fertility in Qatar and the GCC
Jihan Safar
Fertility in Qatar and in Other GCC States: Some Elements of Comparison
Françoise De Bel-Air
Working and Living Conditions of Low-Income Migrant Workers in the Hospitality and Construction Sectors in the United Arab Emirates
Philippe Fargues, Nasra M. Shah, Imco Brouwer
Working and Living conditions of Low-Income Migrant Workers in the hospitality and construction Sectors in Qatar
Philippe Fargues, Nasra M. Shah, Imco Brouwer
The Legal Framework of the Sponsorship Systems of the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: A Comparative Examination
Maysa Zahra
Demography, Migration, and the Labour Market in Kuwait
Françoise De Bel-Air
Oman’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Demography, Migration, and the Labour Market in Bahrain
Françoise De Bel-Air
Demography, Migration, and the Labour Market in Oman
Françoise De Bel-Air
Kuwait’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Demography, Migration and Labour Market in Saudi Arabia
Françoise De Bel-Air
Qatar’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Migration to the Gulf: Policies in Sending and Receiving Countries
Philippe Fargues, Nasra M. Shah
Saudi Arabia’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Bahrain’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Demography, Migration, and the Labour Market in the UAE
Françoise De Bel-Air
Possible Impact of Saudi Women Driving on Female Employment and Reliance on Foreign Workers
Françoise De Bel-Air,Nasra M. Shah,Philippe Fargues,Usamah Alfarhan
Demography, Migration, and the Labour Market in Qatar
Françoise De Bel-Air
United Arab Emirates’ Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Wage Protection Systems and Programmes in the GCC
Ray Jureidini
Dangers of Using Aggregated Data for Understanding Socio-Demographic Realities of the Gulf Region
Nasra M. Shah
Skilful Survival: Irregular Migration to the Gulf
Philippe Fargues, Nasra M. Shah
Qatar’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Taxing Remittances: Consequences for Migrant Labour Populations in the GCC Countries
Froilan Malit, Jr. and George Naufal
A Note on Syrian Refugees in the Gulf: Attempting to Assess Data and Policies
Françoise De Bel-Air
The Legal Framework of the Sponsorship Systems of the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: a Comparative Examination
Maysa Zahra
Addressing Irregular Migration in the Gulf States
Philippe Fargues, Françoise De Bel-Air, Nasra M. Shah
Demography, Migration, and the Labour Market in Oman
Françoise De Bel-Air
Oman’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Demography, Migration, and the Labour Market in the UAE
Françoise De Bel-Air
Demography, Migration, and the Labour Market in Bahrain
Françoise De Bel-Air
United Arab Emirates’ Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Evaluating Financial Literacy training for Migrant Workers in the Gulf
Ganesh K. Seshan
The Socio- political Background and Stakes of ‘Saudizing’ the Workforce in Saudi arabia: the Nitaqat policy
Françoise De Bel-Air
Current progress in the Nationalisation programmes in Saudi arabia
Hend M. Alsheikh
Bahrain’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Ethnography, Anthropology and Migration to the Arabian Peninsula: Themes from an Ethnographic Research Trajectory
Andrew M. Gardner
Recent Amnesty Programmes for Irregular Migrants in Kuwait and Saudi arabia: Some Successes and Failures
Nasra M. Shah
Demography, Migration, and Labour Market in Qatar
Françoise De Bel-Air
The Legal Framework of the Sponsorship Systems of Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait: a Comparative Examination
Maysa Zahra
Saudi Arabian Investor Class Visas: An Overview
Arwa Aulaqi
The Story of Remittance Flows from the GCC Countries
George S. Naufal, Ismail H. Genc
Essential yet Invisible: Migrant Domestic Workers in the GCC
Bina Fernandez
Arab Gulf States: Recruitment of Asian Workers
Ray Jureidini
Arab Gulf States: An Assessment of Nationalisation Policies
Steffen Hertog
Data Discrepancies between the Census and Civil Registration Systems in Kuwait: Reasons, Implications and Solutions
Nasra M. Shah
Demography, Migration and Labour Market in Saudi Arabia
Françoise De Bel-Air
Saudi Arabia’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Kuwait’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Qatar’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
The Demographic and Economic Framework of Migration in Kuwait
Françoise De Bel-Air

See all the publications

Oman: Population aged 10 and above, by nationality (Omanis/ non-Omanis), sex, age group and education level (census 2020)

image_pdfimage_print
Males Females
Illiterate Read and write Less than general diploma General diploma Higher Diploma Bachelor or more Unknown Total males Illiterate Read and write Less than general diploma General diploma Higher Diploma Bachelor or more Unknown Total females
Omanis 10-14 562 139 141,138 3 – – 846 142,688 347 101 136,698 1 – – 701 137,848
15-19 358 138 82,727 29,157 7 6 316 112,709 264 122 72,621 36,066 17 24 281 109,395
20-24 417 333 32,799 68,845 4,637 4,017 25 111,073 349 254 13,801 74,501 5,693 12,662 52 107,312
25-29 687 593 37,371 52,911 13,266 19,367 15 124,210 638 718 14,477 41,624 17,363 45,870 48 120,738
30-34 857 1,195 28,947 57,593 11,122 21,520 49 121,283 939 1,631 15,921 54,331 14,035 31,661 83 118,601
35-39 998 1,775 28,576 48,518 5,669 20,127 45 105,708 1,296 2,667 20,172 46,001 8,367 25,296 73 103,872
40-44 878 1,997 24,370 34,308 2,426 15,539 39 79,557 1,787 3,384 24,568 31,655 3,871 14,519 93 79,877
45-49 962 2,691 18,379 20,636 2,666 7,717 50 53,101 2,806 5,044 20,879 14,932 2,536 4,775 102 51,074
50-54 1,329 3,813 13,913 11,421 1,171 4,007 84 35,738 5,382 6,779 15,844 5,413 1,057 1,371 154 36,000
55-59 2,415 6,191 11,416 6,940 412 1,852 124 29,350 8,253 7,957 11,195 2,868 167 348 189 30,977
60-64 4,503 7,136 7,026 3,729 88 524 112 23,118 10,731 8,050 7,122 1,473 32 76 76 27,560
65-69 4,634 5,364 3,280 1,776 16 135 56 15,261 9,583 5,476 3,393 755 4 32 24 19,267
70-74 4,923 4,274 1,828 1,014 16 59 37 12,151 8,290 3,766 1,633 367 2 7 9 14,074
75-79 4,448 2,874 864 406 4 18 23 8,637 6,505 2,274 731 200 – 3 5 9,718
80+ 6,294 2,921 528 283 5 19 17 10,067 8,693 2,095 519 122 – 2 6 11,437
Total 34,265 41,434 433,162 337,540 41,505 94,907 1,838 984,651 65,863 50,318 359,574 310,309 53,144 136,646 1,896 977,750
Males Females
Illiterate Read and write Less than general diploma General diploma Higher Diploma Bachelor or more Unknown Total males Illiterate Read and write Less than general diploma General diploma Higher Diploma Bachelor or more Unknown Total females
Non-Omanis 10-14 30 410 18,206 – – – 2,915 21,561 28 342 17,397 – – – 2,654 20,421
15-19 53 881 11,400 1,152 10 1 2,444 15,941 63 677 10,237 1,316 12 3 2,102 14,410
20-24 144 32,960 16,056 12,624 592 1,362 3,288 67,026 126 6,445 5,252 4,679 217 661 2,146 19,526
25-29 470 91,318 94,627 41,605 2,644 6,769 2,836 240,269 283 17,763 14,298 8,939 1,005 2,936 1,943 47,167
30-34 622 105,505 124,432 52,722 5,038 15,453 1,616 305,388 430 22,550 20,158 12,419 2,765 6,771 1,308 66,401
35-39 573 83,730 95,737 42,861 5,367 20,063 983 249,314 391 17,159 16,481 10,842 2,753 7,611 887 56,124
40-44 535 51,063 61,839 29,147 4,456 17,874 598 165,512 268 12,596 12,809 8,002 2,034 6,340 674 42,723
45-49 391 31,766 39,916 19,245 3,399 14,590 384 109,691 209 7,748 8,482 4,878 1,412 4,539 524 27,792
50-54 285 20,638 25,615 11,828 2,620 10,572 313 71,871 189 4,379 5,205 2,737 822 2,569 346 16,247
55-59 161 10,713 12,984 5,906 1,462 6,776 227 38,229 155 2,385 2,900 1,556 440 1,401 176 9,013
60-64 73 5,365 6,659 3,473 914 4,081 216 20,781 156 1,365 1,538 853 188 631 114 4,845
65-69 36 1,370 1,623 1,012 310 1,700 236 6,287 122 794 747 464 84 250 62 2,523
70-74 41 425 349 265 90 567 229 1,966 99 541 399 244 31 81 55 1,450
75-79 20 161 109 89 36 158 204 777 57 267 191 103 19 38 34 709
80+ 20 161 82 67 21 36 310 697 68 231 139 79 12 8 59 596
Total 3,454 436,466 509,634 221,996 26,959 100,002 16,799 1,315,310 2,644 95,242 116,233 57,111 11,794 33,839 13,084 329,947

Source: National Centre for Statistics and Information (NCSI)

 

ANNEXED NOTE

 

  1. Technical Notes and Definitions

 

Period of reference: 12/12/2020.

Source of the data: E-census 2020, based on administrative records. Population data: based on vital statistics records (births and deaths) produced by the Ministry of Health (MOH), and the National Registration System (Royal Oman Police).

The civil registration records all Omani and expatriate residents. It is based on the civil status system and is maintained by the General Directorate of Civil Status, a part of the Royal Oman Police.

Since 2004, registration of all vital events taking place in the Sultanate (births, death, marriages and divorces) in the civil register is mandatory for Omanis and foreign residents of the Sultanate.

e-census 2020:

Population data and statistics: methodology explained in publication “Electronic Census System for the E-Census for Population, Residences & Establishments 2020”, especially pp. 15-16; 19-20

https://portal.ecensus.gov.om/ecen-portal/indicators/83/viewer

Portal of e-census 2020 and data updates for December 2021 and 2022:

https://portal.ecensus.gov.om/ecen-portal/

 

Characteristics of data:

Figures refer to:

  1. Omanis holding an official valid document registered in the National Registration System, or expired for less than ten years
  2. Foreign residents holding valid visas, or visas expired for lesss than two years; dependents holding valid visas, providing that they are in the country.

Residence visa for expatriates includes residence visa for a wife of an Omani, student resident, multiple entry visa, employment visa, employment contracting visa, official visit visa, investor visa. The dependent visa includes Family Reunion visas and relat​ive/ friend visit visa.

 

  1. Institution which provides data

 

National Center for Statistics and Information (NCSI)

 

  1. Data availability

 

Data retrieved from e-census portal, datasets building tool:

https://portal.ecensus.gov.om/ecen-portal/indicators/261/viewer

 

Date of access: 5 June 2023.

 

GLMM and GRC cannot guarantee that the link to access the source will not change; that the information will not be removed from the website it was obtained from; that no geo-blockages will be imposed; or that the information will not be available for any another reason.

 

Keywords: Oman, Foreign & National Population, Education

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