Public Sector*		Private Sector				Domestic sector		Other***		Total employed
			Private business sector**		Agricultural sector
													Males	Females	Males	Females	Males	Females	Males	Females	Males	Females	Males	Females
	2016 Q2	3.2	4.5	83.4	9.6	0.0	0.0	12.8	85.3	0.6	0.6	N.A	N.A
2016 Q3	2.3	6.5	90.5	14.7	0.0	0.0	6.9	78.2	0.3	0.5	N.A	N.A
2016 Q4	2.7	6.8	87.1	13.8	0.0	0.0	9.7	78.6	0.5	0.8	N.A	N.A
2017 Q1	3.4	7.6	86.7	16.0	0.0	0.0	9.6	76.3	0.3	0.2	9,859,039	991,153
2017 Q2	3.2	13.3	87.4	15.2	0.0	0.0	9.0	71.3	0.4	0.2	9,777,916	1,010,793
2017 Q3	2.2	7.2	87.5	13.7	0.0	0.0	10.0	78.8	0.4	0.3	9,674,729	1,019,591
2017 Q4	3.5	5.9	85.6	12.2	0.0	0.0	10.4	81.3	0.5	0.6	9,442,163	975,132
2018 Q1	2.9	8.6	85.5	13.0	0.0	0.0	11.2	78.0	0.4	0.5	9,231,869	951,235
2018 Q2	2.9	8.5	84.7	12.0	0.0	0.0	11.9	79.3	0.4	0.1	8,927,862	964,861
2018 Q3	N.A	N.A	N.A	N.A	N.A	N.A	N.A	N.A	N.A	N.A	8,622,890	955,165
2018 Q4	N.A	N.A	N.A	N.A	N.A	N.A	N.A	N.A	N.A	N.A	8,356,943	1,072,476
2019 Q1	3.1	9.2	83.2	17.9	0.0	0.0	13.0	72.4	0.6	0.4	8,458,199	1,195,013
2019 Q2	2.9	11.7	84.2	14.4	0.0	0.0	12.3	73.1	0.5	0.8	8,529,419	1,237,365
2019 Q3	2.5	6.7	85.2	17.6	0.0	0.0	11.9	75.5	0.4	0.2	8,572,339	1,254,757
2019 Q4	2.4	9.4	83.4	13.9	0.0	0.0	13.7	76.4	0.4	0.3	8,792,516	1,428,187
2020 Q1	2.3	9.3	82.5	20.4	0.0	0.0	14.9	69.8	0.3	0.5	9,092,998	1,339,191
2020 Q2	3.8	8.4	77.0	17.6	0.0	0.0	18.8	73.7	0.3	0.3	9,101,286	1,357,746
2020 Q3	4.3	9.3	76.7	14.3	0.0	0.0	18.7	76.3	0.3	0.2	8,866,940	1,334,922
2020 Q4	4.2	9.1	77.6	17.6	0.0	0.0	17.9	73.2	0.3	0.1	8,753,985	1,312,515
2021 Q1	4.0	4.7	66.1	11.2	3.0	0.0	26.4	83.7	0.5	0.4	8,773,896	1,403,319
2021 Q2	3.8	4.1	68.0	13.3	2.6	0.0	25.1	81.5	0.6	1.0	8,449,536	1,170,338
2021 Q3	5.6	6.4	66.6	12.9	2.6	0.1	24.7	79.7	0.6	0.8	8,244,566	1,118,241
2021 Q4	3.8	6.3	71.4	16.3	3.2	0.0	20.9	76.5	0.6	0.9	8,481,117	1,114,064
2022 Q1	3.7	6.4	70.8	18.0	2.8	0.1	22.2	75.1	0.5	0.4	8,971,450	1,187,323
2022 Q2	3.1	7.1	74.0	19.9	3.0	0.1	19.6	72.6	0.3	0.3	9,320,979	1,210,640
2022 Q3	3.4	7.7	72.6	21.5	3.3	0.1	20.3	70.4	0.4	0.3	9,593,551	1,304,906
2022 Q4	3.6	9.2	75.6	23.5	2.6	0.1	17.8	66.5	0.4	0.8	9,672,933	1,314,794
2023 Q1	3.1	7.2	72.5	20.6	2.7	0.1	21.1	71.5	0.6	0.7	10,137,453	1,355,438
2023 Q2	3.1	7.6	73.2	22.7	3.4	0.0	19.8	69.0	0.5	0.6	10,202,131	1,395,840

Source: Labour Market Statistics, Statistical Database, General Authority for Statistics (GAStat)

1. Data collection methodology and definitions used

* Public sector: government, institution or company wholly owned by the government

**Private business sector or an activity owned by the individual (non-agricultural)

***Other: Non-profit organizations (non-profit organizations, non-governmental organizations, mosques); international organisations, other and unspecified employment sector.

LFS were first conducted in 2001 and became bi-annual after 2006. Data were collected through nationally representative household sample surveys, which sampling was based on most recent censuses.

Since 2016, Labour Force Surveys have been conducted and published on a quarterly basis, based on the following sources:

1. Household telephone surveys conducted by GAStat.

2. Employment data extracted from administrative records, introduced as a complement to the results of Labour Force Surveys in Labour Market Statistics’ publications, starting on Q1 2017.

Types of data by source:

1. Household Telephone Surveys:

Estimates of labor force, unemployed individuals, and indicators of labor force.

2. Administrative records:

– Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development (MHRSD)

(formerly Ministry of Labour and Social Development):

Supplies data on:

Government sector’s workers and private sector visas.

– General Organization of Social Insurance (GOSI):

Supplies data on:

a. contributors on the job who are subject to social insurance laws and regulations in the private and government sectors;

b. workers who terminated their contribution to social insurance during the quarter.

– National Information Center (NIC):

Supplies data on:

a. job seekers in the public and private sectors from the data of (Jadara and Sa’ed) in the MHRSD, at (Taqat) portal of the HRDF;

b. government sector and individuals’ visas;

c. numbers of domestic workers.

Figures of workers in Labor Market statistics which were derived from administrative records do not include the following categories:

1-Workers in the military and security sectors;

2- Workers who are not registered in the civil service and social insurance records, which include:

– Saudis working for their own businesses and are not subjected to the labor regulations, also, not registered in social insurance, such as those who work in delivery through electronic apps;

– Saudi employers who work in establishments and not registered in the social insurance;

– Non-Saudi staff working in foreign international, political or military missions.

3- Non-Saudi employees who come to the Kingdom for work that normally takes less than three months to be completed.

Definitions and categories used by GAStat in Labour Markets Statistics (employment; unemployment; occupation and activity sectors, etc.) are based on international standards.

For LFS methodology and definitions, see:

https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/node/9787

https://database.stats.gov.sa/Methodologies/En_Documents/03_Labor%20Market%20Bulletin%20Methodology,%20Fourth%20Quarter%202020%20_%20General%20Authority%20for%20Statistics.pdf

2. Institution which provides data

General Authority for Statistics (GAStat)

3. Data availability

The percent time series were taken from GAStat’s statistical database:

Report Link:

https://database.stats.gov.sa/home/report/239

The numerical time-series (total employed) was taken from the Register-based Labour Market Statistics- Q4, 2022 (English and Arabic versions):

https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/LMS_2022_Q4_EN_1.xlsx

https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/LMS_2022_Q4_AR_1.xlsx

and from relevant quarterly Register-based Labour Market Statistics reports for 2023, accessible from:

https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/814

https://www.stats.gov.sa/ar/814

Date of access: 30 March 2024.

Keywords: Employment, Female Employment, Saudi Arabia, National & Foreign Labour, Domestic Workers

GLMM and GRC cannot guarantee that the link to access the source will not change; that the information will not be removed from the website it was obtained from; that no geo-blockages will be imposed; or that the information will not be available for any another reason.

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