Gulf Labour Markets, Migration, and Population (GLMM) Programme

An international independent, non-partisan, non-profit programme hosted and supported by the Gulf Research Center. The programme provides data, analyses, and recommendations contributing to the improvement of understanding and management of Gulf labour migration, population, and labour markets, engaging with and respecting the viewpoints of all stakeholders.

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GLMM Latest Publications

Towards a Knowledge-based Labour Market in Saudi Arabia?
Françoise De Bel-Air
GCC Remittance Flows: Resiliency During Rough Seas
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Sub-Saharan African Migrants in the Gulf States
Françoise De Bel-Air
Ageing in the Gulf States
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Long-Term Residence: GCC Countries Making a Shift Toward Inclusive Social Policies
Magdalena Karolak
Interregional Consultative Migration Dialogues and the Abu Dhabi Dialogue in the GCC-Asia Migration Corridor
Froilan Malit
What is the Nature of the Employment Challenge in the GCC Countries?
Wasseem Mina
Reforms without Rights: The GCC states’ blinkered view of labour reforms
Rima Kalush and Vani Saraswathi
Aspirations and Strategies to Remain in Saudi Arabia: the Case of Middle-Class South Asians
Areej Jamal
UAE as a Center of Innovation: Towards Attracting Global Talent
Magdalena Karolak
Second and Third Generation Foreign Residents Born in Kuwait
Françoise De Bel-Air
The Power of Micro-Level Data: Improving Precision in GCC Policy Design
Georges Naufal
Numbers Increasing, Dependency Decreasing: The GCC Changing Labor Immigration Emphasis
Onn Winckler
International Mobility of Tertiary-Level Students in Qatar
Sharique Umar
Arab Nationals in Saudi Arabia
Françoise De Bel-Air
Indians in the Gulf: The Migration Question and the Way Forward
Irudaya S. Rajan & Divya Balan
Major Innovations in the Saudi Census 2022
Françoise De Bel-Air
Migration and Climate Change: The Case of the GCC Countries
Georges Naufal
GCC: Are Oil Prices No Longer a Driver of Population Growth?
Françoise De Bel-Air
Migratory Flows of Russian-speaking Populations to the UAE
Magdalena Karolak
Domestic Workers in the GCC: A Diverse Population
Françoise De Bel-Air
Qataris Make Up Only a Quarter of All Births
Françoise De Bel-Air
Five Decades of Semi- and Unskilled Labour Migration from Pakistan
Nasra M. Shah
Saudi Arabia: Changes in Labour Force Structure?
Françoise De Bel-Air
Explaining the "Demographic Imbalance" in the Gulf States
Françoise De Bel-Air
Measuring the impact of Covid-19 on migrant workers in the GCC and Jordan
Françoise De Bel-Air
Layers of Segmentation in GCCs Labour Markets: How Well do Migrant Women Fare?
Usamah F. Alfarhan
Reforming the sponsorship system in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: Opportunities and challenges as a result of COVID-19 and the fiscal crisis
Sophia Kagan and Ryszard Cholewinski*
Fertility Levels, Trends, and Differentials Among Kuwaiti Nationals
Nasra M. Shah and Philippe Fargues
Fertility of Nationals in Qatar - Its Levels, Trends and Differentials in the Early 21st Century
Philippe Fargues,Noof Abdulhadi Al-Rakeb
Empowering Women and Fostering Fertility: Two Conflicting Policy Goals in Qatar?
Philippe Fargues
Literature Survey and Bibliography on Fertility in Qatar and the GCC
Jihan Safar
Fertility in Qatar and in Other GCC States: Some Elements of Comparison
Françoise De Bel-Air
Working and Living Conditions of Low-Income Migrant Workers in the Hospitality and Construction Sectors in the United Arab Emirates
Philippe Fargues, Nasra M. Shah, Imco Brouwer
Working and Living conditions of Low-Income Migrant Workers in the hospitality and construction Sectors in Qatar
Philippe Fargues, Nasra M. Shah, Imco Brouwer
The Legal Framework of the Sponsorship Systems of the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: A Comparative Examination
Maysa Zahra
Demography, Migration, and the Labour Market in Kuwait
Françoise De Bel-Air
Oman’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Demography, Migration, and the Labour Market in Bahrain
Françoise De Bel-Air
Demography, Migration, and the Labour Market in Oman
Françoise De Bel-Air
Kuwait’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Demography, Migration and Labour Market in Saudi Arabia
Françoise De Bel-Air
Qatar’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Migration to the Gulf: Policies in Sending and Receiving Countries
Philippe Fargues, Nasra M. Shah
Saudi Arabia’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Bahrain’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Demography, Migration, and the Labour Market in the UAE
Françoise De Bel-Air
Possible Impact of Saudi Women Driving on Female Employment and Reliance on Foreign Workers
Françoise De Bel-Air,Nasra M. Shah,Philippe Fargues,Usamah Alfarhan
Demography, Migration, and the Labour Market in Qatar
Françoise De Bel-Air
United Arab Emirates’ Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Wage Protection Systems and Programmes in the GCC
Ray Jureidini
Dangers of Using Aggregated Data for Understanding Socio-Demographic Realities of the Gulf Region
Nasra M. Shah
Skilful Survival: Irregular Migration to the Gulf
Philippe Fargues, Nasra M. Shah
Qatar’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Taxing Remittances: Consequences for Migrant Labour Populations in the GCC Countries
Froilan Malit, Jr. and George Naufal
A Note on Syrian Refugees in the Gulf: Attempting to Assess Data and Policies
Françoise De Bel-Air
The Legal Framework of the Sponsorship Systems of the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: a Comparative Examination
Maysa Zahra
Addressing Irregular Migration in the Gulf States
Philippe Fargues, Françoise De Bel-Air, Nasra M. Shah
Demography, Migration, and the Labour Market in Oman
Françoise De Bel-Air
Oman’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Demography, Migration, and the Labour Market in the UAE
Françoise De Bel-Air
Demography, Migration, and the Labour Market in Bahrain
Françoise De Bel-Air
United Arab Emirates’ Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Evaluating Financial Literacy training for Migrant Workers in the Gulf
Ganesh K. Seshan
The Socio- political Background and Stakes of ‘Saudizing’ the Workforce in Saudi arabia: the Nitaqat policy
Françoise De Bel-Air
Current progress in the Nationalisation programmes in Saudi arabia
Hend M. Alsheikh
Bahrain’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Ethnography, Anthropology and Migration to the Arabian Peninsula: Themes from an Ethnographic Research Trajectory
Andrew M. Gardner
Recent Amnesty Programmes for Irregular Migrants in Kuwait and Saudi arabia: Some Successes and Failures
Nasra M. Shah
Demography, Migration, and Labour Market in Qatar
Françoise De Bel-Air
The Legal Framework of the Sponsorship Systems of Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait: a Comparative Examination
Maysa Zahra
Saudi Arabian Investor Class Visas: An Overview
Arwa Aulaqi
The Story of Remittance Flows from the GCC Countries
George S. Naufal, Ismail H. Genc
Essential yet Invisible: Migrant Domestic Workers in the GCC
Bina Fernandez
Arab Gulf States: Recruitment of Asian Workers
Ray Jureidini
Arab Gulf States: An Assessment of Nationalisation Policies
Steffen Hertog
Data Discrepancies between the Census and Civil Registration Systems in Kuwait: Reasons, Implications and Solutions
Nasra M. Shah
Demography, Migration and Labour Market in Saudi Arabia
Françoise De Bel-Air
Saudi Arabia’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Kuwait’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
Qatar’s Legal Framework of Migration
Maysa Zahra
The Demographic and Economic Framework of Migration in Kuwait
Françoise De Bel-Air

See all the publications

Population aged 15 and above by nationality (Saudi/non-Saudi), sex and activity status (2002; 2007; 2012).

image_pdfimage_print
  Activity status      In the Labour Force               Out of the Labour Force          Total      
year   Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
  Saudis 2.683.381 465.338 3.148.719 1.627.215 4.146.465 5.773.680 4.310.596 4.611.803 8.922.399
2002 Non-Saudis 2.657.429 435.505 3.092.934 290.704 761.795 1.052.499 2.948.133 1.197.300 4.145.433
  Total 5.340.810 900.843 6.241.653 1.917.919 4.908.260 6.826.179 7.258.729 5.809.103 13.067.832
  Saudis 3.362.715 667.242 4.029.957 2.113.402 4.800.148 6.913.550 5.476.117 5.467.390 10.943.507
2007 R1 Non-Saudis 3.596.775 602.924 4.199.699 225.818 784.376 1.010.194 3.822.593 1.387.300 5.209.893
  Total 6.959.490 1.270.166 8.229.656 2.339.220 5.584.524 7.923.744 9.298.710 6.854.690 16.153.400
  Saudis 3.901.818 938.336 4.840.154 2.439.096 5.428.542 7.867.638 6.340.914 6.366.878 12.707.792
2012  R1 Non-Saudis 5.207.250 704.238 5.911.488 308.767 1.191.521 1.500.288 5.516.017 1.895.759 7.411.776
  Total 9.109.068 1.642.574 10.751.642 2.747.863 6.620.063 9.367.926 11.856.931 8.262.637 20.119.568

Source: Manpower Surveys 2002; 2007 Round 1; 2012 Round 1.

 

ANNEXED NOTE

 

1. Technical Notes and Definitions

 

  sampling  sample size  
Survey frame (households) reference period
2002 Census 1992 15.000 April 2002
2007  R1 Census 2004 23.000 February 19th-March 20th, 2007
2012  R1 Census 2010 29.000 January 25th-February 17th, 2012

Population of reference: all individuals (nationals and non-nationals) residing in the Kingdom during the period of reference.

The ultimate sampling unit is the household.

 

(a) Person in the labour force: a person aged 15 years and over, employed or unemployed.

 

(b) Person out of the labour force: A person aged 15 years and over who is not included in the labour force, among which: the persons staying home for domestics activities, the students, the retired, the self sufficients,

the ones unable to enrol in labour, who are not working and do not look for employment for any other reason.

 

2. Institution which provides data

 

Central Department of Statistics and Information (CDSI), Ministry and Economy and Planning

 

3. Data availability

 

Surveys conducted since 1999 are available on the website of the CDSI (http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/), in published form in PDF format. A selection of tables is also available in PDF or Excel format.

https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/814 (website English version) or https://www.stats.gov.sa/ar/814 (website Arabic version). The technical notes and tables of contents are in Arabic and the tables are in both languages.

Date of access: May 2013.

 

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